摘要：针对南京市不同功能区的 6 个监测点，考察 2014 年 9 月至 2015 年 1 月期间细颗粒物 PM2.5 和可吸入颗粒物 PM10 浓度在线监测数据，分析南京市颗粒物质量浓度的时空变化特征及与气象因素的关系。 结果表明：观测期间南京市 PM2.5 和 PM10 日均质量浓度分别为 70、150 μg/m3，超标率分别为 37.91%、30.72%；PM2.5 的质量浓度占 PM10 质量浓度的分数达到 63.6%，相关系数高达 0.90；冬季颗粒物浓度大于秋季的，PM2.5与 PM10 的质量浓度日变化呈双峰型， 峰值分别出现在 10∶00 与 22∶00 左右；气温对 PM2.5 和 PM10 的质量浓度均呈一定负相关性，对 PM10 的影响更为显著（显著性检验水平 p<0.01），与 PM2.5、PM10 的质量浓度比呈正相关性；降水能有效减小PM2.5 和 PM10 的质量浓度，并且对粗粒子作用更明显；相对湿度与 PM10 的质量浓度呈一定负相关性，而 PM2.5 的质量浓度随着相对湿度的增大呈先增大后减小的变化趋势，在相对湿度为 70%~80%时，PM2.5 的质量浓度最大； 风力与 PM2.5、PM10 的质量浓度均呈负相关性，PM2.5的质量浓度在风向为西北风、西北偏西风时较小。
关键词：大气颗粒物； 细颗粒物 PM2.5； 可吸入颗粒物 PM10； 污染状况； 气象因素
Abstract： Online monitoring data of fine particulate matter PM2.5 and inhalable particulate matter PM10 were collected at six monitoring points in Nanjing from September 2014 to January 2015. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of atmospheric particulate matter and their relationship with meteorological factors were analyzed. The results show that the average daily mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 are 70 and 150 μg/m3， and the excessive rates are 37.91% and 30.72%， respectively. The fraction of mass concentration of PM2.5 in mass concentration of PM10reaches 63.6%， and the correlation coefficient is as great as 0.90. The mass concentrations of particulate matter are greater in winter than those in autumn. The mass concentrations daily change of PM2.5 and PM10 appears double peaks diagram， peaking at about 10:00 and 22:00. The temperature shows a negative correlation with mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10， which is more significant on mass concentration of PM10 （significant test level p<0.01）， but shows a positive correlation with mass concentration ratio of PM2.5 and PM10. The precipitation can effectively reduce mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10， and has an obvious effect on coarse form. The relative humidity shows a negative correlation with the mass concentration of PM10. The mass concentration of PM2.5 increases first and then decreases with the increase of relative humidity， peaking when the relative humidity is between 70% and 80% . The wind force shows a significant negative correlation with mass concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10. The mass concentration of PM2.5 is at a lower level in directions of northwest wind and west-northwest wind.
Keywords: atmospheric particulate matter； fine particulate matter PM2.5； inhalable particulate matter PM10； pollution condition； meteorological factor
