摘要：以Cu、Cr、C粉末为原料,采用机械合金化方法制备CuCr-C复合粉体,其中Cr、C的添加量按照Cr₃C₂质量分数为5%来计算;利用X射线衍射(XRD)和扫描电镜(SEM)研究机械合金化过程中粉末的物相和微观形貌,并结合能谱仪(EDS)面扫描得到粉末的元素微观分布。结果表明:随着机械合金化的进行,C、Cr和Cu形成Cu-Cr-C过饱和固溶体,随着球磨时间的延长,粉末粒径细化,颗粒形态由片状向球状发展;球磨30 h后,生成Cr₃C₂增强相,粉末细化趋势变缓并逐渐产生团聚,故原位生成Cr₃C₂的最佳球磨时间为30 h。

关键词：机械合金化；原位生成；过饱和固溶体

Abstract：Taking Cu, Cr and C powder as raw material, Cu、Cr and C content was calculated according to Cr₃C₂ mass fraction of5%, Cu-Cr-C composite powders were prepared by mechanical alloying(MA). The phase, microstructure and element distribution of the powders during MA process were studied by XRD, SEM and EDS. The result shows that supersaturated solid solution alloy powder Cu-Cr-C can be prepared by MA. With the milling time increasing, the size of the alloy powders is refined and the morphology becomes to flake shape. After further milling,the new product Cr₃C₂ is observed, the trend of powder's refinement becomes slow gradually and the morphology changes from flake shape to globosity with agglomeration. It is concluded that the best milling time for in-situ formation of Cr₃C₂ is 30 hours of MA.

Keywords: mechanical alloying；in-situ formation；supersaturated solid solution