摘要：以聚合诱导胶体凝聚法、种子生长法、模板法和反相乳液法等制备方法为主线, 综述制备微米二氧化硅微球的最新研究进展, 同时以所得微球的性能为考察重点, 对各种方法进行评价与展望;提出通过硅酸钠等低成本硅原料取代硅酸酯制备高性能硅微球是未来研究重点;改变种子生长法中溶剂的种类、制备粒径更大的单分散微球并进行理论探究成为种子生长法的研究方向;采用模板法对聚合诱导胶体凝聚法制备的微球孔结构进行重组完善, 得到纯度较高、机械强度和比表面积较大的微米有序介孔二氧化硅微球, 进而用于高性能色谱柱的制备以及生物催化等领域, 发展前景可观。

关键词：二氧化硅；微米级微球；制备；综述

Abstract：The preparation methods of micron-sized silica microspheres which include polymerization induced colloid aggregation, seeded growth, templating method, reverse emulsion and some other methods were reviewed. The preparation methods were evaluated through the performance of silica microspheres, and its development direction were also presented.It is put forward that the high performance silica microspheres prepared by sodium silicate and other cheap silicon feedstock instead of silicate ester are the research priorities in the future, uniform microspheres with bigger particle size can be prepared by adjusting the categories of solvent from seed growth method which will become the emphasis in the further study, and the porous structure of microspheres prepared by polymerization induced colloid aggregation can be adjusted by templating method in order to obtain well-ordered mesoporous microspheres with high mechanical strength, high purity, as well as high specific surface area, which can be used in high-performance chromatographic column, biocatalysis and other fields.

Keywords: silica；micron-sized microspheres；preparation；review