摘要：为提高含铝炸药爆热性能, 探索高活性金属铝粉的制备方法, 采用立式球磨机对球形铝粉进行处理, 研究球磨机的搅拌转速、球磨时间、助磨剂的配比对活性铝粉粒径、形貌、热性能的影响;利用扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度测试仪和同步热分析仪检测活性铝粉形貌、粒径及热分解特性;采用热分析参数法测定活性铝含量。结果表明:制备活性铝粉的最佳条件为搅拌转速1 100 r/min, 研磨时间4 h, 助磨剂占铝粉质量比4%;制备的活性铝粉粒径d₅₀为1.108μm, 片状, 活性铝质量分数由90.42%增加到98.42%;用于含铝炸药中, 爆热值由6 805 kJ/kg增加到7 642 kJ/kg。

关键词：球形铝粉；活性铝含量；球磨粉碎；爆热；热分解性能

Abstract：To improve the aluminized explosive detonation heat performance, explore preparation method of high-activated aluminum powder, spherical aluminum powders were processed with a ball mill, and the effects of agitation speed, grinding time and grinding aid ratio on particle size, morphology and thermal properties of activated aluminum powder were studied. The morphology, particle size, and thermal decomposition of activated aluminum powder were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, laser particle size tester and synchronous thermal analyzer. Active aluminum content was determined by thermal analysis parameter method. Experimental results show that the best conditions to prepare active aluminum powder are stirring speed of 1 100 r/min, grinding time of 4 h, grinding aid ratio of4%. Under these conditions, the particle size d₅₀ of the aluminum powder after grinding is 1.108 μm, and the active aluminum content of active aluminum powder is increased from 90.42% to98.42%. In aluminized explosive, detonation heat value is increased from 6 805 to 7 642 kJ/kg.

Keywords: spherical aluminum powder；content of active aluminum；ball milling；detonation heat；thermal decomposition performance