摘要：综述了热等离子体工艺与低温等离子体工艺制备炭黑的发展历程, 认为热等离子体裂解甲烷制备导电炭黑具有转化率高、产物结构好等优势, 但高温导致的设备负担, 及电极损耗问题亟待解决;而低温等离子体制备导电炭黑亦有反应体系温度低, 能耗下降等优势, 但缺陷是转化率不高, 积碳现象严重。这两种工艺虽有待完善, 但各方面均胜于燃烧式工艺。等离子体法裂解甲烷不仅可以制备多种碳纳米材料, 还能得到氢气、乙炔等珍贵的化工原料。我国天然气资源丰富, 该工艺潜力巨大, 有待大力发展。

关键词：等离子体；导电炭黑；甲烷

Abstract：This paper reviews the development of carbon black prepared by thermal plasma process and low temperature plasma process. It was found that the preparation of conductive carbon black by thermal plasma has the advantages of high conversion rate and well-developed product structure, but the problems of equipment burden caused by high temperature and electrode loss need to be solved urgently;while the low-temperature plasma method has the advantages of low reaction temperature and lower energy consumption versus the disadvantages of low conversion rate and serious carbon deposition. Although these two processes need to be improved, but they are better than the traditional combustion process in all aspect. Plasma pyrolysis of methane can not only prepare a variety of carbon nanomaterials, but also obtain precious chemical raw materials such as hydrogen and acetylene.Due to the abundant natural gas resources in our country, the plasma technology has great potential and needs further development.

Keywords： plasma；conductive carbon black；methane