摘要：综述制备氧化石墨的Brodie法、Staudenmaier法、Hummers法等化学氧化方法, 以及利用水溶液电解质、离子液体电解质的电化学氧化法等, 总结其反应原理及其优缺点;概括氧化石墨 (烯) 在模板材料、废水处理、脱盐作用、生物材料和电池材料等领域的应用。提出石墨烯具有良好理化性能, 在能源、化学等领域应用前景广阔, 且氧化石墨合成技术起着决定性作用;对于不同的目标产物, 有针对性地设计功能化复合材料, 实现对目标物高效作用, 将在复合材料领域发展空间广阔。

关键词：氧化石墨；化学氧化；电化学氧化

Abstract：Chemical oxide methods of preparing graphite oxide like Brodie method, Staudenmaier method and Hummers method, as well as electrochemical oxide methods in aqueous electrolyte and ionic liquid electrolyte were reviewed, together with the reaction principle and evaluation for advantages and disadvantages. Then the application of graphite oxide (graphene oxide) in many fields such as template, wastewater, desalination, biological and battery materials, were summaried. It is prospected that with good physical and chemical properties, graphene is widely used in energy and chemistry fields, so the synthesis of graphite oxide plays a decisive role in the process. High efficiency on target will be achieved with designed targeted functional composite materials for different target products, which will lead the vast development for graphite products.

Keywords： graphite oxide；chemical oxidation；electrochemical oxidation