摘要: 根据 UASB 系统的运行特点建立实验模拟系统，并对垃圾渗滤液进行水质监测与分析，掌握了渗滤液中钙离子含量的波动情况; 以磷酸钠为沉淀剂，采用分布化学沉淀法处理垃圾渗滤液，使钙离子以含钙沉淀物形式进行沉淀; 通过添加稀硫酸调节垃圾渗滤液的 pH 值后，含钙沉淀物再次形成；这些措施有效降解了垃圾渗滤液中的结垢物。结果表明，经烘干后每吨渗滤液产生的沉淀物质量达到 6．7 kg，钙去除率达到 53．6% ，其实验条件为: 向垃圾渗滤液添加的磷酸钠的物质的量比为n( Ca)∶n( P) = 2．5∶1，用体积比为 25% 的硫酸调节渗滤液清液的 pH 值至 6，搅拌速率为 300 r/min，静置时间为 12 h; 这些处理措施不仅减缓了装置的结垢速度以保护厌氧系统，还能够节约运行成本。

关键词: 垃圾渗滤液；结垢物；分布化学沉淀法；磷酸钠

Abstract: According to the operation characteristics of the UASB system，an experimental simulator was set up and the water quality of the landfill leachate was monitored and analyzed in order to master the fluctuation of calcium ion content in leachate．The landfill leachate was treated with sodium phosphate as precipitant by distributed chemical precipitation method so as to precipitate calcium ions in the form of calcium-containing precipitates．After adding dilute sulfuric acid to adjust the pH value of landfill leachate，calcium-containing precipitates were formed again．These measures effectively degraded the scale objects from landfill leachate．The results show that the precipitate weight per ton of leachate reaches 6．7 kg after drying and the calcium removal rate reaches 53．6% under the experimental conditions are as follows: the content ratio of sodium phosphate added to the leachate is n( Ca)∶n( P) =2．5∶1，pH value of landfill leachate is adjusted to 6 by using sulfuric acid with its volume ratio of 25% ，stirring rate is 300 r/min and static time is 12 h．These treatment measures not only slow down the scaling speed of the device so as to protect the anaerobic system but also save the operating cost．

Keywords: landfill leachate; fouling material; distributed chemical precipitation; sodium phosphate