摘要：综述量子点的光学特性,胶体合成法、反胶团合成法、溶胶-凝胶法等制备方法,以及在离子传感器和有机小分子传感器等领域中的应用。提出大多数量子点传感器都是基于光致发光猝灭的,实际应用时不够准确,阻碍传感器标准化。认为核-壳结构的量子点能减少一些由重金属组成的常规核芯材料的潜在毒性,有必要建立标准化和系统化的方法,以评估量子点的特定材料的安全性。

Abstract: The optical properties of quantum dots，preparation methods such as colloid synthesis，reverse micelle synthesis and sol－gel method，as well as their applications in the fields of ion sensors and organic small molecule sensors were reviewed．It is proposed that most quantum dot sensors are based on photoluminescence quenching，which is not accurate in practical application and hinders the sensor standardization．It is considered that the core－shell quantum dots can reduce the potential toxicity of some conventional core materials composed of heavy metals，and it is necessary to establish a standardized and systematic method to evaluate the safety of specific materials of quantum dots．

Keywords: quantum dot; nanomaterial; sensor