摘要：综述水热法、化学沉淀法、溶胶凝胶法、激光辐照法等球形微纳米颗粒添加剂的制备方法,分析金属单质、金属氧化物、硫化物、碳化硅及其复合物等不同球形微纳米颗粒作为润滑油添加剂的减摩抗磨性能及其润滑机理。提出球形微纳米颗粒的有效润滑机制主要是"微轴承效应""抛光效应""自修复效应"以及在基体上形成润滑的摩擦层;微纳米球形颗粒作为润滑油添加剂存在球形率低、易团聚及复合颗粒在摩擦过程中的协同作用机理不清楚等问题。认为发展绿色无污染,可工业化的润滑油添加剂的制备方法,探索微纳米球形颗粒的分散性及复合润滑油添加剂在微观尺度上的摩擦机理是该领域研究的重点。

关键词：润滑油添加剂；球形微纳米颗粒；抗磨减摩

Abstract: The preparation methods of spherical micro-nano-particles additives，such as hydrothermal method，chemical precipitation method，sol－gel method，laser irradiation method，were reviewed．Then，the friction reduction，anti-wear properties and lubrication mechanism of different spherical micro-nano-particles as lubricating oil additives，such as metal monomer，metal oxide，sulfide，silicon carbide and its complex were analyzed．In addition，the effective lubrication mechanism of spherical micro-nano-particles is summarized，including micro-bearing effect，polishing effect，self-repairing effect and the formation of lubricating friction layer on the substrate．Moreover，the problems such as low sphericity of spherical micro-nano-particles as lubricating oil additives，unclear synergistic mechanism of easy agglomeration and composite particles in friction process are put forward．Finally，developing the preparation method of green，pollution-free and industrializable lubricating oil additives，exploring the dispersibility of spherical micro-nano-particles and the friction mechanism of composite lubricating oil additives on the micro-scale are the focus of this field． 

Keywords: lubricant additive; spherical micro-nano-particles; antiwear and antifriction