摘要：为了解决膨润土粉体材料固液分离困难的问题,利用膨润土和四氧化三铁,以海藻酸钙交联制备膨润土微球和磁性膨润土微球材料;利用X射线衍射仪、红外光谱仪和扫描电镜研究微球的结构和特点;以碱性品蓝和碱性品红为代表性染料污染物,采用批次平衡实验比较研究微球对2种碱性染料的吸附特性。结果表明:交联过程未改变膨润土和四氧化三铁的结构,且膨润土磁性微球具有磁性;微球对2种染料的吸附动力学更符合拟二级动力学方程;吸附过程符合Freundlich和Langmuir模型,碱性品蓝和碱性品红在膨润土微球上的最大吸附量分别为185. 7、63. 46 mg/g,在磁性膨润土微球上的分别为163. 4、70. 30 mg/g。

关键词：膨润土；磁性材料；染料废水；吸附；固液分离

Abstract: To solve the difficulty of solid and liquid separation of powder bentonite material，the microspheres of bentonite and magnetic bentonite were prepared by fixing the bentonite and Fe₃O₄－bentonite with calcium alginate．The structure and property were investigated by X-ray diffraction pattern，Fourier transform infrared and scanning electron microscopy．Batch equilibrium experiments were used to evaluate the adsorption performance of the as-prepared microspheres for the typical dye pollutants of basic fuchsin and basic blue．The results show that the structure of bentonite and Fe₃O₄ are not changed during the synthesis procedure．The microsphere of Fe₃O₄－bentonite has magnetic property．The kinetic data of adsorption process of two dyes on adsorbents follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model．The sorption isothermal data of the microspheres for the basic dyes are fitted to the Freundlich and Langmuir models．The maximum adsorption capacities for the basic blue and basic fuchsin are 185．7 and 63．46 mg /g on bentonite microspheres，163．4 and 70．30 mg /g on magnetic bentonite microspheres，respectively． 

Keywords: bentonite; magnetic materials; dye wastewater; adsorption; solid-liquid separation