摘要：磁性Fe₃O₄纳米材料由于其稳定性、表面界面效应、量子尺寸效应、电磁特性等独特的物理和化学特性,在污水处理、磁共振、药物载体等方面表现出潜在的应用价值。本文中综述了磁性Fe₃O₄的制备方法(共沉淀法、水热法、溶剂热法、微乳液法、溶胶-凝胶法等),评价了表面改性和合成复合材料对提高其吸附效果的影响,总结了其在去除废水中金属离子、难降解有机污染物和其他污染物方面的应用和性能。磁性Fe₃O₄的制备方法各有优点,可以根据简便程度、粒径分布、分散程度等需要制备具有不同性质和使用性能的改性Fe₃O₄和复合材料。在水处理应用方面,Fe₃O₄磁性材料具有吸附性能好、化学稳定性强、便于分离和回收等优点。但目前的研究存在磁性Fe₃O₄纳米材料的制备局限于实验室、针对实际废水应用偏少等不足。今后应从寻找更经济绿色且可产业化的制备方法、进一步提高去除水中污染物的能力和回收利用性能、扩大应用领域等方面进行深入研究。

关键词：四氧化三铁；磁性纳米材料；吸附；废水处理

Abstract: Magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanomaterials show potential application value in some fields，e．g． wastewater treatment， nuclear magnetic resonance imaging，drug delivery，which is due to their unique physical and chemical properties，such as surface interface effect，quantum size effect，electromagnetic property，etc． In this paper，we summarize the preparation method of magnetic Fe₃O₄( co-precipitation method，hydrothermal method，solvothermal method，microemulsion method and sol－gel method) ，evaluate the effect of surface modification or synthetic composites on improving their adsorption and discuss its applications in the removal metal ions，organic pollutants and other contaminants from water． Each synthesis method of magnetic Fe₃O₄ has advantages． Various modified Fe₃O₄ and its composites can be obtained according to the characters of preparation methods，such as simple level，particle size distribution and particle dispersion in water． For the applications in wastewater treatment，magnetic Fe₃O₄ nanomaterials have excellent adsorption performance， strong chemical stability，easy separation and recyclability． However，the research works also have the disadvantages of preparation of materials only in laboratory scale，lack of applications in real wastewater，etc． In the future，in-depth research work should be conducted from the aspects of finding more economical，green and industrialized preparation methods，further improving the adsorption capacity and recovery performance and expanding application fields．

Keywords: Fe₃O₄ ; magnetic nanomaterials; adsorption; wastewater treatment