杨 彬¹， 吴 健¹， 周卫青²， 李 朋²， 白晓春¹， 吴华成²， 王 绿¹， 武云飞³

（1. 国网陕西省电力公司 电力科学研究院， 陕西 西安 710100；2. 国网冀北电力有限公司 电力科学研究院， 北京 100045；3. 中国科学院 大气物理研究所； 中层大气和全球环境探测重点实验室， 北京 100029）

DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2021.04.017

收稿日期： 2020-12-17， 修回日期：2021-04-18，在线出版时间：2021-06-03 16:55。

基金项目：国家电网总部科技项目，编号：52010118000C；国家自然科学基金项目，编号：41775155。

第一作者简介：杨彬(1990—)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为电网环保。E-mail：413643766@qq.com。

摘要：采集我国主要种类的散煤样品，利用稀释通道采样系统在燃烧腔内模拟居民散煤燃烧方式，通过分析烟气中空气动力学等效直径不大于2.5μm的颗粒物(PM_2.5)滤膜样品的碳组分、水溶性离子和无机元素的质量浓度，构建散煤燃烧的PM_2.5源谱;计算获得散煤燃烧源的PM_2.5及其特定化学组分的排放因子，评估污染物排放强度;结合人为活动数据，构建我国部分地区散煤燃烧PM_2.5的排放清单。结果表明:不同类型散煤燃烧的PM_2.5源谱存在明显差异，元素碳是块状烟煤PM_2.5源谱中最主要的贡献组分，而SO₄^2-在块状无烟煤和蜂窝煤的PM_2.5源谱中贡献更为明显;块状烟煤的PM_2.5排放因子为(13 164.2±5 528.4) mg/kg，明显高于块状无烟煤和蜂窝煤的排放因子;2017年我国部分地区散煤燃烧的PM_2.5排放量为79.7×104t，不同地区贡献比例有所差异。

关键词：散煤燃烧；空气动力学等效直径不大于2.5μm的颗粒物；排放特征；排放清单

Abstract: Samples of main types of residential coal in China were collected and the combustion mode of residential coal was simulated in combustion chamber by using the dilution channel sampling system. By analyzing the mass concentrations of carbon components, water-soluble ions and inorganic elements in particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm(PM2.5) filter membrane samples in the flue gas, the PM2.5 source spectrum of residential coal combustion was constructed. The emission factors of PM2.5 and its specific chemical components from coal combustion sources were calculated and the emission intensity of pollutants was evaluated. Combined with human activity data, the PM2.5 emission list of coal combustion in some areas of China was constructed. The results show that the PM2.5 source spectra of different types of coal combustion are significantly different. Elemental carbon is the most important contributing component in PM2.5 source spectra of block bituminous coal, while contributes more significantly in PM2.5 source spectra of block anthracite and honeycomb coal. The PM2.5 emission factor of block bituminous coal is (131 64.2±5 528.4) mg/kg, which is significantly higher than that of block anthracite and cellular coal. In 2017, PM2.5 emission from coal combustion in some regions of China is 79.7×104 t and the contribution ratio of different regions is different.

Keywords: residential coal combustion; particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm(PM2.5); emission characteristics; emission list

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