赵昂然， 任强强

（1. 中国科学院工程热物理研究所， 北京 100190；2. 中国科学院大学工程科学学院， 北京 100049）

DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2021.04.003

收稿日期： 2021-01-28， 修回日期：2021-05-14，在线出版时间：2021-06-03 14:07。

基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目，编号：U1810127；中国科学院青年创新促进会项目，编号：Y201932。

第一作者简介：赵昂然(1996—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为固体废弃物资源化利用。E-mail：zar1996@qq.com。

通信作者简介：任强强(1983—)，男，博士，副研究员，硕士生导师，研究方向为煤的高效清洁利用。E-mail：renqiangqiang@iet.cn。

摘要：为了实现“以废治废”，将硅灰和城市固体垃圾焚烧飞灰按照一定的质量比制备为混合灰，探讨硅灰质量分数和热处理温度对混合灰熔融特性的影响;利用X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜和能谱仪表征混合灰热处理后产物;采用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪检测混合灰热处理后产物中重金属质量分数和氯元素浸出质量浓度。结果表明:硅灰质量分数为20%～30%、热处理温度为1 300℃时，四元碱度约为1(呈中性)，混合灰的失质量率与减容率达到最大值，混合灰热处理后产物为均一相无晶玻璃，混合灰热处理后的玻璃体产物中的重金属与氯元素的浸出毒性基本消失。

关键词：硅灰；城市固体垃圾焚烧飞灰；混合灰；熔融特性；浸出毒性

Abstract：In order to realize “waste control with waste”,silica fume and municipal solid waste incineration fly ash were prepared into mixed ash according to a certain mass ratio,and the effects of silica fume mass fraction and thermal treatment temperature on the melting characteristics of mixed ash were investigated. The product after thermal treatment of mixed ash was characterized by X-ray diffractometer,scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. The mass fraction of heavy metals and leaching concentration of chlorine in the mixed ash after thermal treatment were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. The results show that when the mass fraction of silica fume is 20%～30% and the thermal treatment temperature is 1 300 ℃,the quaternary basicity is about 1( neutral),the mass loss rate and volume reduction rate of mixed ash reach the maximum,the product of mixed ash after thermal treatment is homogenous amorphous glass,and the leaching toxicity of heavy metals and chlorine elements in the glassy product of mixed ash after thermal treatment basically disappears.

Keywords：silica fume; municipal solid waste incineration fly ash; mixed ash; melting characteristics; leaching toxicity

参考文献（References）：

[1]张英民, 尚晓博, 李开明, 等. 城市生活垃圾处理技术现状与管理对策[J]. 生态环境学报, 2011, 20(2): 389-396.

[2]中华人民共和国国家统计局. 中国统计年鉴[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 2020.

[3]FERRARO A, FARINA I, RACE M, et al. Pre-treatments of MSWI fly-ashes: a comprehensive review to determine optimal conditions for their reuse and/or environmentally sustainable disposal[J]. Reviews in Environmental Science and Bio/Technology, 2019, 18(3): 453-471.

[4]QUINA M J, BORDADO J C, QUINTA-FERREIRA R M. Treatment and use of air pollution control residues from MSW incineration: an overview[J]. Waste Management, 2008, 28(11): 2097-2121.

[5]LINDBERG D, MOLIN C, HUPA M. Thermal treatment of solid residues from WTE units: a review[J]. Waste Management, 2015, 37(3): 82-94.

[6]ITO T. Verification of fly ash by swirling-flow furnace[J]. Waste Management, 1996, 16(5): 453-460.

[7]PARK Y J, HEO J. Verification of fly ash from municipal solid waste incinerator[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2002, 91(1): 83-93.

[8]LI C T, HUANG Y J, HUANG K L, et al. Characterization of slags and ingots from the verification of municipal solid waste incineration ashes[J]. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research,2003, 42(11): 2306-2313.

[9]RANI D A, GOMEZ E, BOCCACCINI A R, et al. Plasma treatment of air pollution control residues[J]. Waste Management, 2007, 28(7): 1254-1262.

[10]李润东, 张海军, 王雷, 等. 垃圾焚烧飞灰熔渣理化特性研究[J]. 热力发电, 2009, 38(9): 20-23， 28.

[11]夏旻, 赵由才, 张瑞娜, 等. 高钙垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融熔渣物相结构转变研究[J]. 有色冶金设计与研究, 2018, 39(4): 85-90.

[12]陶应翔. 添加剂对垃圾焚烧飞灰高温熔融的影响研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 哈尔滨工业大学, 2019.

[13]张波. 不同形态硅灰在高强混凝土中的作用机理[D]. 北京: 清华大学, 2015.

[14]GENG C, LIU J G, WU S C, et al. Novel method for comprehensive utilization of MSWI fly ash through co-reduction with red mud to prepare crude alloy and cleaned slag[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020, 384: 121315-121315.

[15]衣静, 刘阳生. 垃圾焚烧烟气中氯化氢产生机理及其脱除技术研究进展[J]. 环境工程, 2012, 30(5): 50-54， 113.