陈 坤1， 张小良2， 陶光远2， 王昊博2， 黄 兵2， 赵彦丽2
（1. 上海奉贤消防救援支队， 上海201499；2. 上海应用技术大学城市建设与安全工程学院， 上海201418）
DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2021.05.001
收稿日期： 2021-03-08，修回日期：2021-03-21，在线出版时间：2021-06-18 08:54。
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目，编号：51304137；上海应用技术大学科技发展基金项目，编号：KJFZ2018-5。
第一作者简介：陈坤(1985—)，男，研究方向为灭火救援和应急通信。E-mail：290038861@qq.com。
通信作者简介：张小良(1978—)，男，博士，教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为气体(粉体)爆炸防治。E-mail：yyyzxl@126.com。
摘要：为了研究静电火花放电的影响因素及放电能量，利用高压火花发生器和高速摄像系统等研究静电放电火花直径与能级、电极、环境压力、环境风速、温湿度及击穿场强与电极间隙等的关系。结果表明:在电极间隙为0.5 mm、放电电压为1 507 V时，火花产生到放电通道被击穿仅耗时0.074 ms，整个放电过程持续时间约为1.408 ms;同一电极间隙条件下，随火花能级的上升火花直径逐渐变大;静电放电火花直径不锈钢电极最大，铜电极次之，钨电极最小;负压从0.01 MPa增大至0.06 MPa、正压从0.05 MPa增大至0.5 MPa的过程中，火花直径整体呈减小趋势，但变化并不明显;另外当压力大于0.6 MPa时，未见产生放电火花，提高放电火花能量到1 J依然未见放电火花;环境风速、温湿度等对火花直径影响较小;随电极间隙增加，临界的击穿电压呈增加趋势;静电击穿场强与电极间隙之间呈负相关。
关键词：静电放电；放电能量；火花直径
Abstract：In order to study the influencing factors and discharge energy of electrostatic spark discharge,the relationship between electrostatic discharge spark diameter and energy level,electrode characteristics,ambient pressure,ambient wind speed,temperature and humidity,breakdown field strength and electrode gap,etc of electrostatic discharge sparks were studied using highvoltage spark generators and high-speed camera systems. The results show that when the electrode gap is 0. 5 mm and the discharge voltage is 1 507 V,the time from spark generation to discharge channel breakdown is only 0. 074 ms,and the duration of the whole discharge process is about 1. 408 ms. Under the same electrode gap condition,the spark diameter gradually increases with the increase of spark energy level. The diameter of electrostatic discharge is the largest at stainless steel electrode,followed by copper electrode and the smallest at tungsten electrode. When the negative pressure increases from 0. 01 MPa to 0. 06 MPa and the positive pressure increases from 0. 05 MPa to 0. 5 MPa,the spark diameter decreases,but the change is not obvious. In addition,when the pressure is greater than 0. 6 MPa,there is no discharge spark,and when the discharge energy is increased to 1 J,there is still no discharge spark. Environmental wind speed,temperature and humidity have less effect on spark diameter. With the increase of electrode gap,the critical breakdown voltage increases. There is a negative correlation between electrostatic shock penetration field strength and electrode clearance.
Keywords：electrostatic discharge; discharge energy; spark diameter
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