王照轩，邓国栋，王伟斌，谢 亮
（南京理工大学 国家特种超细粉体工程技术研究中心，江苏 南京 210094）
DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2022.01.008
收稿日期： 2021-05-28，修回日期：2021-11-11，在线出版时间：2021-12-02 10:17。
基金项目：国防科研专项项目，编号：AS03144。
第一作者简介：王照轩(1997—)，男，硕士研究生，研究方向为微纳米粉体制备技术及应用。E-mail：1035635077@qq.com。
通信作者简介：邓国栋(1965—)，男，副研究员，学士，硕士生导师，研究方向为含能材料等微纳米粉体制备技术。E-mail：13505196092@163.com。
摘要：以中值粒径为287μm的粗木炭粉为原料，以不锈钢球为磨介，采用球磨粉碎法制备超细木炭粉；优化双向旋转球磨机的工作参数；测试和表征粗木炭粉和超细木炭粉的粒径分布、比表面积和微观形貌；研究炭粉超细化对其碘吸附值以及无硫黑火药热分解性能的影响。结果表明：以直径为10 mm的不锈钢球为磨介，双向旋转球磨粉碎机制备超细木炭粉的最佳工作参数为：磨球体积与筒体容积之比为0.7、球料质量比为10∶1、球形筒体转速为120 r/min、搅拌器转速为80 r/min、粉碎时间为6 h;采用最佳工作参数制备的超细木炭粉粒径约为2.30μm,粒径分布较窄，比表面积可达到852.01 m2/g;超细木炭粉的碘吸附值可达到1 049 mg/g,更易于吸附小分子杂质；相比于粗木炭粉，以超细木炭粉制备的无硫黑火药的热分解温度降低了30℃左右，热分解放热峰温度降低了50℃左右，细化炭粉粒径能够有效提升无硫黑火药的点火性能。
关键词：粗木炭粉；超细木炭粉；碘吸附值；无硫黑火药；热分解特性
Abstract：Ultrafine charcoal powder was prepared by ball milling with coarse charcoal powder with median particle size of 287 μm as raw material and stainless steel ball as grinding medium. The working parameters of bidirectional rotary ball mill were optimized. The particle size distribution, specific surface area and microstructure of coarse and ultrafine charcoal powder were measured and characterized. The influence of ultrafine carbon powder on iodine adsorption value and thermal decomposition performance of sulfur-free black powder were studied.The results show that the optimal working parameters of the bidirectional rotary ball mill for the preparation of ultrafine charcoal powder are as follows: the ratio of ball volume to cylinder volume is 0.7, the mass ratio of ball to material is 10∶1, the rotational speed of the spherical cylinder is 120 r/min, the rotational speed of the agitator is 80 r/min, and the grinding time is 6 h. The ultrafine charcoal powder prepared with the best working parameters has particle size of about 2.30 μm, narrow particle size distribution and specific surface area of 852.01 m2/g. The iodine adsorption value of ultrafine charcoal powder can reach 1 049 mg/g, which is easier to adsorb small molecule impurities. Compared with coarse charcoal powder, the thermal decomposition temperature of sulfur-free black powder prepared by ultrafine charcoal powder is reduced by about 30 ℃, and the thermal decomposition exothermic peak temperature is reduced by about 50 ℃. Refining the particle size of charcoal powder can effectively improve the ignition performance of sulfur-free black powder.
Keywords：coarse charcoal powder; ultrafine charcoal powder; iodine adsorption value; sulfur-free black powder; thermal decomposition characteristic
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