余先纯1，张传艳1，孙德林1，刘德桃2，吴庆定1，孙德彬1，李銮玉1
（1. 中南林业科技大学 材料科学与工程学院，湖南 长沙 410004;2. 华南理工大学 轻工科学与工程学院，广东 广州 510641）
DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2022.02.010
收稿日期： 2021-07-31，修回日期：2021-08-26，在线出版时间：2022-02-17。
基金项目：国家自然科学基金项目，编号：32071851;31670572。
第一作者简介：余先纯(1969—)，女，教授，硕士生导师，研究方向为生物质炭基材料。E-mail:sdlyxc@163.com。
摘要： 为了扩展木材陶瓷在储能领域的应用，以废弃松木粉和酚醛树脂为原料，采用高温炭化和水热活化制备多孔活化木材陶瓷基体材料，探究工艺因素对木材陶瓷基体材料结构与性能的影响；借助扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、拉曼光谱(RS)、高分辨率透射电子显微镜(HRTEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对木材陶瓷基体材料进行表征。结果表明：在物料质量比为3∶7，温度为900 ℃，炭化2 h后，于180 ℃条件下水热活化6 h，可得到性能较好的试件；该试件呈现出三维网络结构，并在一定程度上保留了木材的天然结构特征；氮气吸附-脱附分析显示，活化后该试件比表面积可达1 671.99 m2·g-1；该试件主要由无定形碳和玻璃炭构成，同时含有无序的石墨微晶；该试件表面含有易于电解质浸润的含氧官能团；将该试件作为电极，以浓度为6 mol·L-1的KOH为电解质，在扫描速率为0.1 A·g-1时，比电容可达120.31 F·g-1，2 000次循环充放电后比电容保持率为79.3%，说明所制得木材陶瓷基体材料的电化学性能良好，具有成为活性储能物质载体的潜力。
关键词：多孔木材陶瓷；基体结构；水热活化；性能表征
Abstract:In order to expand application of wood ceramics in energy storage fields,waste pine wood powders and phenolic resin were used as raw materials to prepare porous activated wood ceramics matrix materials by sing high-temperature carbonization and hydrothermal activation,and the influence of process factors on the structure and performance of wood ceramics matrix materials was discussed.The scanning electron microscope (SEM),X-ray diffraction (XRD),Raman spectroscopy (RS),high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)were employed to characterize the wood ceramics matrix materials.The results show that a specimen with better performance can be obtained under the condition of the material mass ratio of 3∶7,carbonized at 900 ℃ for 2 h,and the hydrothermally activated at 180 ℃ for 6 h.The specimen presents a three-dimensional network structure,which partly keeps the natural pores of wood.N2 adsorption-desorption analysis presents that the specific surface area of the specimen can reach 1 671.99 m2·g-1 after activation.The specimen is mainly composed of amorphous carbon and glassy carbon,and contains disordered graphite microcrystalline structure.The surface of the specimen contains oxygen-containing functional groups which are easy to infiltrate by the electrolyte.Using the specimen as the electrode materials and KON with concentration of 6 mol·L-1 as the electrolyte,its specific capacitance can reach 120.31 F·g-1,as the scan rate is 0.1 A·g-1,and the specific capacitance retention rate is 79.3% after 2 000 cycles of charge and discharge.The above results indicate that the prepared wood ceramics matrix materials have good electrochemical performance and have the potential to become carriers of active energy storage materials.
Keywords:porous wood ceramics;matrix structure;hydrothermal activation;performence characterization
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