张瑜洁1a,2，张 倩1，文雪娇1a，吴智春1a，赵子异1a，王启元2，沈振兴3
(1.西安建筑科技大学 a.环境与市政工程学院；b.西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室，陕西 西安 710055；2.中国科学院 地球环境研究所,陕西 西安 710061；3.西安交通大学 环境科学与工程系，陕西 西安 710049)
DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2022.04.009
收稿日期： 2021-06-22， 修回日期：2022-04-06，在线出版时间：2022-06-22。
基金项目：陕西省重点研发计划项目，编号：2018-ZDXM3-01。
第一作者简介：张瑜洁(1997—)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为城市扬尘组成特征及来源解析。E-mail：zhangyujie@xauat.edu.cn。
通信作者简介：张倩(1989—)，女，副教授，博士，硕士生导师，研究方向为大气污染的特征与来源解析。E-mail：zhangqian2018@xauat.edu.cn。
摘要：为确定咸阳市建筑扬尘中细颗粒物PM2.5的化学组成的污染特征，采用X射线荧光分析仪、离子色谱仪、气相色谱质谱联用仪对PM2.5样品进行元素组分、水溶性离子和多环芳烃的分析，探讨PM2.5的来源并进行健康风险评估。结果表明：PM2.5样品中19种元素的质量比总和为36.5%,其中Ca的质量比最大为263 556μg/g, Se质量比最小，为16.5μg/g,但其富集因子最高，为232.9;9种水溶性离子中，SO42-和Ca2+是质量比最大的阴、阳离子，分别占总离子质量比的10.1%、 61.2%,PM2.5样品呈现出明显的碱性特征；以多环数为主的多环芳烃的总质量比为116.4μg/g; PM2.5主要来源于建筑材料和施工设备的尾气排放；健康风险评估表明儿童比成年人更易受到重金属元素和多环芳烃的伤害，应对其进行预防和控制。
关键词：建筑扬尘；细颗粒物；化学组成；污染特征；健康风险评估
Abstract: In order to determine the pollution characteristics of the chemical composition of fine particulate matter PM2.5 in construction dust in Xianyang City, the elemental components, water-soluble ions(WSIs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) of PM2.5 samples were respectively analyzed by X-ray fluorescence analyzer, ion chromatograph and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer. The sources of PM2.5 were explored and a health risk assessment was conducted. The results show that the total mass ratio of 19 kinds of elements in PM2.5 sample is 36.5%. The most abundant element is Ca with the highest mass ratio of 263 556 μg/g, while the element of Se is the lowest with the mass ratio of 16.5 μg/g. However, Se has the highest enrichment factor of 232.9. Among the 9 kinds of water-soluble ions, the mass concentrations of SO42- and Ca2+ are generally most abundant among the cation and anion ions, which accounted for 10.1% and 61.2% of the total WSIs, respectively. The PM2.5 sample shows obvious alkaline characteristics. The total mass ratio of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons which are dominated by multiple rings is 116.4 μg/g. PM2.5 mainly comes from exhaust emissions from building materials and construction equipment. Health risk assessment shows that children are more vulnerable than adults to heavy metal elements and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which should be prevented and controlled.
Keywords：construction dust; fine particulate matter; chemical composition; pollution characteristics; health risk assessment
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