李心怡1，3，陆丽芳1，麻淳雅1,2，雷明婧1，朱 健1
（1.中南林业科技大学 环境科学与工程学院，湖南 长沙 410004；2.衢州市生态环境局龙游分局，浙江 衢州 324400；3.中国石化股份有限公司 长岭分公司水务部，湖南 岳阳 414000）
DOI:10.13732/j.issn.1008-5548.2023.01.006
收稿日期： 2022-04-16，修回日期：2022-05-12，在线出版时间：2022-11-19 17:53。
基金项目：湖南省重点研发计划项目，编号：2017SK2273、2019SK2191；湖南省高校创新平台开放基金项目，编号：19K107；湖南省教育厅科学研究项目，编号：19C1900。
第一作者简介：李心怡(1998—)，女，硕士研究生，研究方向为土壤污染修复。E-mail： 891253424@qq.com。
通信作者简介：雷明婧(1987—)，女，实验师，硕士，研究方向为环境功能材料的制备与应用。E-mail： casper10262003@yahoo.com.cn。
摘要：以湿地植物美人蕉(MBC)、再力花(ZBC)和旱伞草(HBC)为原材料，采用热裂解法于300、 500、 700℃下制备生物炭，应用全自动元素分析仪、扫描电子显微镜、红外光谱等手段表征分析生物炭理化性质，采用静态吸附法系统研究生物炭对镉的吸附特性。结果表明：制备温度对生物质炭的理化性质、表面形貌和矿物成分有很大影响；中温(500℃)、高温(700℃)裂解生物炭对镉的吸附性能优于低温(300℃)裂解生物炭的，500℃裂解生物炭吸附性能最好，对Cd2+吸附容量均值可达96.00 mg·g-1,极值可达108.28 mg·g-1,且吸附容量从大到小为ZBC、 MBC、 HBC; 500℃裂解湿地植物基生物炭对Cd2+的吸附平衡时间为30 min左右，适宜的投加量和较大的溶液pH、离子初始质量浓度、反应温度有利于生物炭对Cd2+的吸附，对Cd2+吸附过程更符合Freundlich等温吸附模型和拟二级动力学模型，且属于优惠吸附；裂解温度的升高可以促进生物炭芳香化，改善孔隙结构，提高比表面积，进而提升生物炭活性，中高温裂解生物炭对镉具有良好的吸附性能。
关键词：湿地植物；生物炭；裂解温度；镉；吸附
Abstract：The biochar was prepared by thermal decomposition method at 300, 500, and 700 ℃ using wetland plants as raw materials including Canna indica L(MBC), Thalia dealbata Fraser(ZBC) and Cyperus involucratus Rottboll(HBC). The physicochemical properties of the biochar were characterized by automatic elemental analyzer, scanning electron microscope and infrared spectroscopy, and the adsorption characteristics of cadmium on the biochar were systematically studied by static adsorption method. The results show that the pyrolysis temperature has a great influence on the physicochemical properties, surface morphology and mineral composition of biochar. The biochar that prepared at medium temperature(500 ℃) and high temperature(700 ℃) pyrolysis temperature has better cadmium adsorption capacity than the low temperature(300 ℃). The pyrolyzed biochar on 500 ℃ has the highest adsorption capacity, its average adsorption capacity for Cd2+ reaches 96.00 mg·g-1, the extreme value reaches 108.28 mg·g-1, and the adsorption capacity from large to small is ZBC, MBC, HBC. The adsorption equilibrium time of pyrolyzed plant-based biochar on 500 ℃ to Cd2+ is about 30 mins. The appropriate dosage and larger solution pH, initial ion concentration and reaction temperature have positive effects on the Cd2+ adsorption. The adsorption process of Cd2+ by biochar is in line with the Freundlich isothermal adsorption model and quasi-two-stage kinetic model, and it belongs to preferential adsorption. The higher pyrolysis temperature can promote the aromatization of biochar, improve the pore structure and increase the specific surface area, which in turn enhances the activity of biochar. The biochar pyrolyzed at medium and high temperature has better adsorption capacity for cadmium.
Keywords：wetland plants; biochar; pyrolysis temperature; cadmium; adsorption
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